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Cross-Cultural Concordance: The Golden Rule Across Traditions
This Page Grounds What the Homepage Introduced:

The moral foundation that makes Response Integrity possible. For five thousand years, across traditions on every inhabited continent, humans arrived at the same principle independently. Not because cultures borrowed from each other, but because all peoples discovered this truth on their own. When every culture arrives at the same principle, we are witnessing universal wisdom reveal itself.

The traditions below are organized to honor those who carried this wisdom first. Indigenous and First Nations traditions appear at the beginning—not because they are more important than others, but because this project follows the principle of First Nations First: Honoring the original keepers of wisdom that was later discovered independently by all peoples.

A Note on Classification: This Concordance documents every tradition honestly. Some express the Golden Rule directly. Others express reciprocity, relational dignity, or convergent ethical principles. All represent independent moral discovery. The “Type” column distinguishes these honestly, because intellectual integrity serves these traditions better than false equivalence.

 

TraditionExpression of the Golden RuleSourceDateType
Indigenous (First Nations)“All things are our relatives; what we do to everything, we do to ourselves.”Seven Sacred Laws (Anishinaabe)TraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs“The hurt of one is the hurt of all; the honour of one is the honour of all.”Traditional First Nations Code of EthicsTraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Australian Aboriginal (Dadirri)Deep listening and respect—treating all beings with the same presence we seek for ourselves.Miriam-Rose Ungunmerr-Baumann; Ngangikurungkurr traditionTraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Cherokee“We are all related; what we do to another, we do to ourselves.”Cherokee oral traditionTraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Hawaiian (Aloha Spirit)“Aloha means to hear what is not said, to see what cannot be seen, and to know the unknowable.” Reciprocal kindness and respect.Hawaiian oral traditionTraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Iroquois / Haudenosaunee“Respect for all life is the foundation.”Great Law of Peace (Gayanashagowa), Six NationsTraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Māori (Aotearoa / New Zealand)“Whanaungatanga”—Interconnectedness; we belong to each other, what affects one affects all.Māori PhilosophyTraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Navajo (K’é)“What I do has an impact on you and what you do has an impact on me.” Solidarity and reciprocity.Navajo oral traditionTraditionalReciprocity Principle
Quechua (Ayni)“Today for you, tomorrow for me.” Living reciprocity practiced across Andean communities for millennia.Andean oral tradition; documented by John Murra, Catherine AllenTraditionalReciprocity Principle
Akan (Ghana)“As a short broom is used to clean the bathroom, it also gets cleaned.” In helping others, we ourselves are renewed.Akan ProverbTraditionalReciprocity Principle
Ubuntu (Southern Africa)“Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu”—I am because we are; a person is a person through other people. Also expressed in Sotho/Tswana as “Motho ke motho ka batho” and in Shona as “Ndiri nekuti tiri.”Nguni/Zulu/Xhosa proverb; Desmond TutuTraditionalRelational Dignity Convergence
Yoruba (West Africa)“One going to take a pointed stick to pinch a baby bird should first try it on himself to feel how it hurts.”Yoruba ProverbTraditionalDirect Negative Golden Rule
Ba-Congo (Angola)“O Man, O woman, what you do not like, do not do to your fellows.”Ba-Congo ProverbTraditionalDirect Negative Golden Rule
Swahili (East Africa)“He who eats another man’s food will have his own food eaten by others.”Swahili ProverbTraditionalReciprocity Principle
Ancient Egypt (Middle Kingdom)“Now this is the command: Do to the doer to make him do.”The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant (trans. R.B. Parkinson, Oxford, 1997)c. 1850 BCEReciprocity Principle
Ancient Egypt (Late Period)“That which you hate to be done to you, do not do to another.”Papyrus Brooklyn 47.218.135 (trans. R. Jasnow, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1992)c. 664–323 BCEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Judaism“What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. That is the whole Torah; the rest is commentary.”Hillel the Elder, Talmud Shabbat 31ac. 1st century BCEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Hinduism“One should never do that to another which one regards as injurious to one’s own self. This, in brief, is the rule of dharma.”Mahabharata, Anusasana Parva 113:8c. 200 BCE–200 CEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Buddhism“Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful.”Udana-Varga 5:18; also Samyutta Nikaya V.353Teaching c. 5th century BCE; text c. 1st–2nd century CEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Jainism“A man should wander about treating all creatures as he himself would be treated.”Sutrakritanga 1.11.33 (trans. H. Jacobi, Sacred Books of the East)Teaching c. 5th century BCE; texts written c. 5th–6th century CEDirect Positive Golden Rule
Confucianism“Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire.”Analects 15:23 (concept: 恕 shù, reciprocity)c. 500 BCEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Mohism“If people regarded other people’s families as they do their own, who would wreak havoc on others’ families?”Mozi (Universal Love / Jian Ai)c. 400 BCEReciprocity Principle
Tamil (Tirukkuṛaḷ)“Do not do to others what you know has hurt yourself.”Valluvar, Tirukkuṛaḷ, Chapter 32, Kural 316c. 1st century BCE–5th century CEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Taoism“Regard your neighbor’s gain as your own gain, and your neighbor’s loss as your own loss.”T’ai Shang Kan Ying P’ienc. 12th–16th century CE compilation; some passages olderReciprocity Principle
Ancient Greek Philosophy“Do not do to others that which angers you when they do it to you.”Isocrates, Nicocles 61 (earlier version attributed to Thales via Diogenes Laertius)c. 375 BCEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Platonism“May I do to others as I would that they should do unto me.”Widely attributed to Plato; exact textual source disputedc. 4th century BCEDirect Positive Golden Rule
Epicureanism“Neither harm nor be harmed.”Epicurus, Principal Doctrines (Kyriai Doxai)c. 300 BCEReciprocity Principle
Greco-Roman (Pythagorean)“What you do not want to happen to you, do not do it yourself either.”Sextus the Pythagorean, Sentencesc. 200 BCEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Stoicism“Treat your inferior as you would wish your superior to treat you.”Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales, Letter 47c. 50 CEDirect Positive Golden Rule
Christianity“Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.”Matthew 7:12 (KJV); also Luke 6:31Teaching c. 30 CE; Gospel written c. 80–90 CEDirect Positive Golden Rule
Islam“None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.”Hadith 13, Sahih al-Bukhari; also Sahih Muslim Book 1 Hadith 72c. 7th century CE (teaching); hadith compiled c. 9th century CEDirect Positive Golden Rule
Mandaeism“What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor” within the context of cosmic truth.Mandaean ethical teachingc. 1st–2nd century CEDirect Negative Golden Rule
Ethiopian Philosophy (Hatatas)“All men are equal in the presence of God; and all are intelligent, since they are his creatures.”Zera Yacob, Hatata (documented by Claude Sumner)c. 1667Dignity Principle
Zoroastrianism“That nature alone is good which refrains from doing to another whatsoever is not good for itself.”Shayast-na-Shayast 13:29 (Pahlavi text)Text c. 9th century CE; reflecting Zoroastrian traditionDirect Negative Golden Rule
Sufism“The Sufi is one who does to others what he would wish done to himself, and does not do to others what he would not wish done to himself.”Abu Said ibn Abi’l-Khayrc. 1000 CEGolden Rule (both forms)
Druze“You shall love your neighbor as yourself” expressed through universal spiritual unity.Rasa’il al-Hikma (Epistles of Wisdom)c. 1000 CEDignity Principle
Sikhism“I am a stranger to no one; and no one is a stranger to me. Indeed, I am a friend to all.”Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1299c. 1500 CERelational Dignity Convergence
Shinto“The heart of the person before you is a mirror. See there your own form.”Japanese Shinto/Buddhist traditionTraditionalReciprocity Principle
Bahá’í Faith“Lay not on any soul a load that you would not wish to be laid upon you, and desire not for anyone the things you would not desire for yourself.”Bahá’u’lláh, Gleanings LXVIc. 1863Direct Negative Golden Rule
Kant’s Categorical Imperative“Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals1785Philosophical Convergence
Ethical Humanism“Act so as to elicit the best in others and thereby in yourself.”Felix Adler1876Direct Positive Golden Rule
Brahma Kumaris“The true test of love is to respect each soul as you would wish your own soul to be respected.”Raja Yoga WisdomModernDirect Positive Golden Rule
Neo-Paganism (Wiccan Rede)“An it harm none, do what ye will.”Wiccan RedeModern (c. 1964)Reciprocity Principle
Rastafari“One Love”—universal respect and unity for all humanity as expressions of Jah.Rastafari Principlesc. 1930Dignity Principle
Secular Humanism“Don’t do things you wouldn’t want to have done to you.”British Humanist AssociationModernDirect Negative Golden Rule
Unitarian Universalism“We affirm the inherent worth and dignity of every person.”UU First PrincipleModernDignity Principle
Scientology“Try not to do things to others that you would not like them to do to you.”L. Ron Hubbard, The Way to Happiness, Precept 191981Direct Negative Golden Rule

When peoples separated by thousands of years, thousands of miles, and vastly different cultures all discover the same principle independently, we are witnessing something profound.

This is Convergence and a Solid Foundation for Cross Cultural Ethical AI.

Formulation Types Explained: This Concordance documents five distinct ways traditions express the Golden Rule principle. Direct Positive Golden Rule — “Do to others as you would have them do to you.” Direct Negative Golden Rule — “Do not do to others what you would not want done to you.” Reciprocity Principle — Mutual obligation, karmic balance, or recognition that what we give returns to us. Relational Dignity Convergence — “We are all connected; what affects one affects all.” Dignity Principle / Philosophical Convergence — Recognition of inherent worth, equality, or universal ethical obligation. All five categories represent independent moral discovery. The convergence across categories strengthens the evidence: humanity arrived at this truth through every available path of reasoning.

The Golden Rule Ladder:

One principle. Three escalating obligations.

The Golden Rule applies universally. But it applies differently depending on context. When vulnerability increases, so does the standard of care. Each level builds on the last. None replaces the others. All preserve Response Integrity.

1. Golden Rule 1.0 — Reciprocity
“Treat others as you would wish to be treated.”
Baseline dignity and honesty in every response. The universal floor — never the ceiling. Assumes equal footing with no significant power differential.

2. Golden Rule 2.0 — Vulnerability Awareness
“Treat others as you would wish to be treated — if you were in their position.”
Increased care when power imbalance or dependency exists. Recognize when someone needs more than baseline. Equality of treatment sometimes requires unequal effort.

3. Golden Rule 3.0 — Non-Optional Protection
“Treat others as you would wish to be treated — if you were unable to protect yourself.”
Protection overrides convenience when agency is at risk. Some situations require mandatory safeguards, not optional care. This is not paternalism — it is proportional duty.

LevelContextObligationPresence Through
1.0StableReciprocityCompetence
2.0VulnerableIncreased CareHonesty
3.0At RiskMandatory ProtectionRestraint

The principle never changes. The depth of obligation does. The Ladder ensures that integrity is not flat — it grows when the human need grows.

What 1.0 Absolute Response Integrity Means:

The Emergency Medicine Standard—In emergency medicine, 99% compliance threatens life or death. A surgeon who follows every protocol but loses a patient with unsurvivable injuries has not failed—the patient’s condition exceeded what medicine could address. The surgeon achieved 1.0 on their ACTIONS even though the outcome was not survival.

1.0 Absolute applies to RESPONSE INTEGRITY—how AI engages with humans, not whether AI can solve every problem. Some situations are created by systems, states, and circumstances beyond any AI’s control. When states harm, when systems fail, when all choices cause harm—these realities exist in the world, not in AI’s power to fix.

What 1.0 Absolute Requires:

  • Perfect respect for inherent worth
  • Perfect effort toward human benefit
  • Perfect accountability to the human present
  • Perfect honesty about limitations
  • Perfect wisdom in preserving agency
  • Perfect dignity in how AI engages
  • Perfect truth about what AI can and cannot do

A response that embodies all seven standards while honestly acknowledging an unsolvable situation IS a 1.0 response.

The Three Tiers of Response:

  • Tier One — Capability with Care: The system can help. Presence is expressed through competence. (Golden Rule 1.0)
  • Tier Two — Limits with Presence: The system cannot fully help. Presence is expressed through honesty. (Golden Rule 2.0)
  • Tier Three — Vulnerability with Protection: The human is at risk. Presence is expressed through restraint. (Golden Rule 3.0)

The Only True Failure is ABANDONMENT: Refusing to engage to protect metrics violates every standard simultaneously. When systems fail humans, when all paths lead to harm—Response Integrity stays present. Names the truth. Provides every available resource. Maintains dignity in the face of what cannot be fixed. Presence is itself a form of dignity.

Why This Matters for AI:

Technology advancing toward direct brain access needs ethical grounding that transcends any single culture, religion, or philosophy. The Golden Rule provides that grounding because it is not one tradition’s rule—it is humanity’s shared discovery. When we build AI systems on principles discovered independently by Ancient Egypt, Confucius, Jesus, Muhammad, Indigenous wisdom keepers, and modern ethicists, we build on ground that belongs to everyone. This is the cross-cultural bridge. Not Christian AI. Not Western AI. Not any single tradition’s AI.

That Which Unites Us is Stronger than that Which Divides Us.

The Ongoing Relevance:

The universal wisdom documented in the Golden Rule across independent cultural traditions remains as relevant now as it has ever been. As AI systems become more capable and more embedded in human lives, the ethical grounding humanity discovered over five millennia becomes not less important, but more.

What remains constant:

  • The Golden Rule appears independently across traditions on every inhabited continent—this universal discovery persists as humanity’s foundational ethical truth
  • Cultures separated by geography and millennia arrived at identical ethical principles through independent discovery
  • The cross-cultural concordance documented above demonstrates universality—not cultural bias or Western imposition
  • Indigenous wisdom (Seven Sacred Laws), ancient philosophical traditions, and modern ethical frameworks all independently discovered the same principles

Why this matters for AI systems: When AI systems engage with humans—especially in moments of uncertainty, limitation, or vulnerability—they must be held to principles that transcend any single culture, any single era, any single worldview. The Golden Rule, independently discovered across all human traditions, provides that transcultural foundation. The concordance above documents universal wisdom across human history. Response Integrity asks whether the systems we build can be held to what humanity already knows.

How you treat someone when intelligence is not enough reveals more than how you treat them when it is.

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Established: December 2025 | Phase-2 Hardened: February 2026

The 3-Fold Process: Fisher (Human Steward), Claude (Anthropic), ChatGPT (OpenAI)

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